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hello everyone and thanks for joining us

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here at Nasa jpl's Instagram live page

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I'm meteor world I'm Marina jurika and I

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am here live in Southern California at

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NASA's jet propulsion laboratory and we

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are going to do an exciting chat today

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about the SWAT satellite and the SWAT

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satellite just launched from Vandenberg

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space Force Base last month and the swap

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mission is a joint Mission between NASA

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and kness which is the French space

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agency and SWAT is going to be able to

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track water on more than 90 percent of

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the Earth's surface and we are super

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excited to talk to you about this

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satellite today in just a few moments

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I'm going to bring in Mark samard who is

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a senior scientist here at JPL and he

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has seen firsthand how climate change

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has really affected the water bodies

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across the planet and he's going to tell

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us a little bit about how SWAT is going

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to be able to track and monitor those

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changes from climate change so bear with

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me here just one moment while I bring

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Mark into the conversation from our

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sister Channel NASA climate change and

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switched in middle of December

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successfully from Vandenberg space force

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base and now it is deploying its solar

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arrays and different instruments and

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getting testing done and we're super

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excited for that data to come down hello

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Mark hello Marina are you doing great

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thank you so much for joining us here

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today

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thank you

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so tell us a little bit about where you

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are and what's behind you so currently I

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mean the one government auditorium at

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the jet propulsion laboratory Pasadena

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California on our beautiful planet Earth

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and I'm standing in front of a one-third

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model of SWAT the surface water and

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ocean topography so the the actual

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satellite is three times as big as this

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one so this is pretty small actually

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these antennas that you see here well

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you see part of it only but they are 10

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meters wide so 30 feet wide

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now SWAT has already launched into orbit

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as I mentioned before you joined us Mark

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and the real work is just getting

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started so tell us what SWAT stands for

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and what your part of the mission is

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okay SWAT is an acronym so surface water

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and ocean topography so as its name says

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it's going to measure topography so the

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Topography is just the height right so

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it's the height of the oceans the

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heights of the lakes and the rivers and

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it will make that with unprecedented

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accuracy and with very very wide spatial

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coverage

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and what is your part of the mission

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Mark so my part of the mission so I'm a

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principal investigator within the

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Schwartz science team so my component is

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actually the end in surface water and

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ocean topography because I'm interested

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in coastal areas so coastal areas are

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very interesting because it's basically

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where the interaction of the rivers and

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the ocean tides come into play so you

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have the fresh water coming in and the

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salt water coming in and out and pushing

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back and forth that fresh water from the

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river it's like you have an eternal

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dance between the river and the ocean

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it's beautiful there's a lot of

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processes happening there it's very very

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Dynamic it's also very productive this

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is where you find Mangrove ecosystems

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marshes salt marshes even freshwater

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marshes like in Louisiana and

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this is uh where a lot of Life happens

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and this life and everything that is

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sustains whether it's it's fish

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crustacean also sustain the livelihood

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the livelihood of millions of people so

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these are really really important areas

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not only scientifically but also for the

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people

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that's right the wetlands are like a

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barrier a lot of folks here at home

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don't know how protective these places

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are and I know when you and I were in

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Louisiana together we saw so much of

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this it's not only for infrastructure

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and for people but like you said who

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inhabits the Wetland so tell us a little

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bit about the benefits you are seeing

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from conservation in that area but also

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the loss of the wetlands which is so

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critical to contain so

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uh because we have long time series of

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data say from the landsat archive for

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example we can go back all the way to

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the 70s 80s we've seen a lot of land

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loss in these coastal wetlands whether

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they're marshes or Mangrove forests it

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can be due to It's a combination of

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climate change and also human impact of

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course so the the role of human cannot

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be neglected and the benefits of these

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uh Wetlands to man is also not to be

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neglected is is very important so these

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ecosystems protect us against the impact

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of climate change whether it's the fact

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that sea level rises or the intensity or

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the

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intensifying impact of hurricanes for

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example and storms the act as a buffer

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that protect us against these impact and

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we've seen that in several areas around

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the world where there is in Southeast

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Asia or even Louisiana the Everglades

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National Park so these these ecosystems

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are really important and they protect us

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so I think it's also our duty to protect

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this ecosystem and I think that's one of

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the things what will help us do is to

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better understand how these ecosystem

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can be helped to continue and protect us

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because the interaction between these

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ecosystems and the water is critical

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this the thrive in these regions where

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you have the mix of fresh water and salt

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water so I think sword here will be

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really really helpful

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yes it's hope for the future which is

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great mark So speaking about Dynamic

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environments and unusual weather here in

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California we have tapped into an

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atmospheric River and we've been seeing

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some very unusual weather coming in from

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the Pacific Ocean now we are getting as

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much rain as we usually see in an entire

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season in a week tell us how SWAT is

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going to be able to show us atmospheric

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rivers in the future yes so SWAT will

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not see those atmospheric Rivers

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directly however it will be able to

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observe the the impact it has once the

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water hits the ground it goes into the

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rivers and the lakes this is when SWAT

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will be able to help us it will be able

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to help us understand the impact of

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those atmospheric rivers on the water

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level in rivers and lakes around the

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world everywhere and thanks to the

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technology that's on board so it's based

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on radar right so we're radar helps us

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see through clouds we can actually see

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through clouds so we can make

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measurements during the storm of course

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if the the platform is above the storm

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so it can be somewhere else in the world

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right so it doesn't cover the entire

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Earth instantaneously it goes around the

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earth so we can make measurements during

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the storm and even after if there's some

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clouds remaining we can still make

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measurements thanks to that radar

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technology we can make measurements of

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the impact of that atmospheric River on

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the water level in the rivers and the

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lakes so in

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with SWOT we can only see water level

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where where you have the rivers and the

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lakes but with nysar in 2024 which will

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be launched

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we can combine the data from SWAP and

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nisor to also look at the impact of

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flooding across uh the land and also

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better understand the impact of these

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atmospheric rivers on our landscapes

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takes a village even if it's a village

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of satellites right Mark yes

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now what's up sets SWAT apart also like

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you mentioned is the fact that you can

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see through clouds a lot of its

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predecessors wasn't able weren't able to

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do that before so that is a really great

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break in technology now is there

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anything in your background that

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uniquely has prepared you for this

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Mission I know you love to travel and

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that you've seen firsthand these effects

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of climate change on Deltas in Louisiana

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and across the world so tell us a little

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bit about that okay so uh I've been

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studying uh Mangrove ecosystems and

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marshes for the last few decades using

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radar interferometry so a technology

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very similar to that of SWAT I was

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looking at vegetation structure for

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example so the height of trees and how

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they grow so going around the world and

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understanding the interaction of these

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ecosystems with the hydrology is

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critical so it's really important to

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understand how these ecosystems work

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together

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with water and also with people so from

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my background in radar remote sensing

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and also my understanding and my

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experience in these Coastal ecosystems I

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really think that here with SWOT we're

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covering a missing link and I'm really

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hopeful on what SWAT can bring us on in

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helping our understanding of this

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ecosystem which are extremely dynamic

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wonderful thanks so much Mark now we've

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got a lot of questions over the last

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couple of weeks from different social

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media platforms and I think you will be

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able to answer a lot of them are you up

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for that I am all right our first

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question comes from clavi on Twitter and

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they ask how will SWOT data be shared

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with institutions and the general public

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okay so swap data first of all will be

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free to all

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starting in the fall of this year so

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whether you're a high school student

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working on a science fair uh grad

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student working in a thesis or a

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professional researcher engineer the

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data is all yours it's yours to use

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it's what we provide data everywhere in

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the world so

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whether you're interested in the Niger

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Delta in Bangladesh the Everglades the

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Amazon River or even Coastal New York

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the data is there for you to use and for

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us it's not only to make sure that you

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can use the data we we really want you

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to use the data we want to make

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something that is useful all the data

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that's collected by SWOT and other NASA

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satellites are free and available to all

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and that's what's so incredible I hope

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everyone is going to really take

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advantage of that Mark and if you're

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just joining us we're here with senior

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scientist Mark Simard at NASA's jet

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propulsion laboratory talking about the

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latest launched Earth Mission SWAT which

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will be tracking the Earth's water so

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going on to our next social media

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question comes from shikar on YouTube

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what exactly is the swap Mission doing

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for Earth and how will it help us better

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understand climate change

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okay so climate change uh you may you

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may have heard of the carbon cycle so

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the carbon when it's in the atmosphere

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is a greenhouse gas it can be stored in

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forests or the ocean

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so there's a missing link here in our

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understanding of that carbon cycle and I

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believe this missing link is not between

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uh we know about the link between the

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ocean and the atmosphere and the

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atmosphere and the forest we still you

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know it's a super accurate but we're

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working on it but the big missing link

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to my point of view is the transport of

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carbon from the land to the ocean and

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that transport is Through Rivers and

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estuaries and river deltas and this is

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SWAT this is where SWAT can really help

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us since SWOT will give us estimates of

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the flux of water from land to Sea

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and if we know what's how much carbon

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there is in that water we can also know

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about the export of carbon from the land

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to the Sea and that I think this is

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where the the big breakthrough will be

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in terms of climate change understanding

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climate change but

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I think in my opinion the the big thing

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for SWOT will mainly be about the impact

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of climate change so we do have a

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shifting precipitation patterns around

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the globe we're seeing that in

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California right now so sometimes we'll

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have places where we used to have water

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a lot of rain maybe there won't be so

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much rain in the future some other

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places where they didn't have much rain

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will have more rain

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there's a big shift in these

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precipitation patterns and SWOT will

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really help us measure what's happening

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with that shift what the impact of that

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shift is on the transport of water

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across the land and because of the

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measurements that it will provide on

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these shifting patterns and also on the

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current ones it will help us calibrate

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hydrodynamic hydrological models for the

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surface so once we have these accurate

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models because they'll be accurate

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because now we have something watching

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over us to make sure that these models

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are good we can use these models to

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forecast where water will be transported

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and where it will not be transported and

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how much of that water is being

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transported so I think it's about the

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impact right and in a lot of cases we

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haven't had that information before

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especially globally and so that's really

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what sets SWAT apart

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yes all right on to the next question a

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great one from social and I know you

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have a lot to do with this so is there a

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process that goes into validating and

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confirming the data before it is

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released publicly yes uh definitely so

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we have several teams within the

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Schwartz science team and the swap

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project going around the world across

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North America making Institute

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measurements so we're basically

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installing water level gauges in several

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places around the world some of those

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places will also be collecting light

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door measurements from aircrafts and air

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swap measurement air SWOT is a an

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instrument that simulates uh SWOT but

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it's on an aircraft and we know it

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worked so we can check and make sure

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that swap data is accurate and that it

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can be distributed with great accuracy

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so we have several campaigns going on my

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team we're going into three different

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regions uh and we're focusing on

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estuaries so during the calval the

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calibration and validation phase of SWOT

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which is from March to June SWOT will be

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overpassing just several areas around

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the world very few estuaries and Deltas

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so we picked three we picked the guaya

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century in Ecuador where we'll be

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installing a dozen of water level gauges

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just to make sure again that SWOT is

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making actual and accurate measurement

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we're also being

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deployed to Gabon in the Como Estuary so

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again there will be placing a few water

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level gauges around to compare with SWAT

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and then in April May we'll be going to

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the Saint Lawrence River to install

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gauges but we the experiment there is a

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lot more

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intense let's say we have light doors

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flying so aircraft with laser

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antimatter's and we also have what I

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mentioned before the air SWOT which is a

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radar interferometer just like SWOT but

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install an aircraft and we know it

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worked because we used it in the

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Mississippi River delta for a Delta X

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experiment that occurred in 2020 so

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2021. so uh we'll be deploying these

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instruments everywhere making sure that

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SWOT is giving you and providing you

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accurate measurements so think of it as

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quality control

383
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that's right so you guys are going all

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over the world many different groups of

385
00:17:18,049 --> 00:17:16,020
you to make sure that you're validating

386
00:17:19,490 --> 00:17:18,059
all the SWAT data that's coming down to

387
00:17:20,750 --> 00:17:19,500
make sure that it's accurate and one of

388
00:17:23,809 --> 00:17:20,760
those places you're going to is near

389
00:17:25,429 --> 00:17:23,819
your hometown yes indeed it's pretty

390
00:17:28,069 --> 00:17:25,439
fortunate I'm pretty happy about that

391
00:17:30,770 --> 00:17:28,079
that's fun and tell us about where

392
00:17:34,610 --> 00:17:30,780
you're from yeah so I'm from a town

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00:17:36,950 --> 00:17:34,620
called arvida which is uh two hours

394
00:17:39,710 --> 00:17:36,960
north of Quebec City along a river

395
00:17:42,470 --> 00:17:39,720
called sagni that's sagne is actually an

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00:17:44,470 --> 00:17:42,480
estuary that throws itself into the

397
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Saint Lawrence Estuary

398
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so SWAT will be covering during its

399
00:17:52,010 --> 00:17:49,860
calibration and validation phase those

400
00:17:55,850 --> 00:17:52,020
two estuaries so the the Saint Lawrence

401
00:17:57,850 --> 00:17:55,860
fishery and the sagini Estuary so it

402
00:18:00,890 --> 00:17:57,860
would be a pleasure to be there and

403
00:18:02,750 --> 00:18:00,900
finally understand things that are close

404
00:18:04,190 --> 00:18:02,760
to home which I still don't really

405
00:18:06,230 --> 00:18:04,200
understand

406
00:18:08,210 --> 00:18:06,240
and hopefully in that area you won't

407
00:18:11,029 --> 00:18:08,220
encounter what we did in Louisiana Mark

408
00:18:13,330 --> 00:18:11,039
I'll never forget the mom alligator near

409
00:18:18,730 --> 00:18:13,340
that river gauge for sure

410
00:18:23,390 --> 00:18:21,529
the water is just very cold so I don't

411
00:18:24,230 --> 00:18:23,400
think we'll be encountering anything in

412
00:18:27,770 --> 00:18:24,240
the water

413
00:18:28,970 --> 00:18:27,780
just in Louisiana and and a point I

414
00:18:31,190 --> 00:18:28,980
wanted to make sure people understand

415
00:18:33,470 --> 00:18:31,200
that are joining us today is is the

416
00:18:36,169 --> 00:18:33,480
wetlands are such a sacred and really

417
00:18:38,029 --> 00:18:36,179
beautiful place and and the conservation

418
00:18:41,150 --> 00:18:38,039
and protection that you're doing in

419
00:18:43,010 --> 00:18:41,160
Louisiana has shown improvements so I I

420
00:18:45,350 --> 00:18:43,020
really wanted to show folks that there

421
00:18:46,970 --> 00:18:45,360
is a positivity that's coming out of the

422
00:18:48,590 --> 00:18:46,980
the preservation and the steps you're

423
00:18:50,570 --> 00:18:48,600
taking to make sure that that they're

424
00:18:52,730 --> 00:18:50,580
here for many generations to come yeah

425
00:18:55,549 --> 00:18:52,740
indeed so I mentioned earlier the

426
00:18:57,830 --> 00:18:55,559
landsat archive so there's we see a lot

427
00:18:59,750 --> 00:18:57,840
of land loss around the world including

428
00:19:02,270 --> 00:18:59,760
in the Mississippi River delta but we

429
00:19:04,970 --> 00:19:02,280
also witnessed using these uh these

430
00:19:07,909 --> 00:19:04,980
Archives of data some places where we're

431
00:19:10,909 --> 00:19:07,919
gaining land so if you think if you look

432
00:19:12,650 --> 00:19:10,919
at the hfaleria Basin which includes you

433
00:19:15,770 --> 00:19:12,660
know it's a basis it's a coastal Basin

434
00:19:20,330 --> 00:19:15,780
where the hfalaya river and the wax Lake

435
00:19:22,669 --> 00:19:20,340
Outlet go into the Gulf of Mexico this

436
00:19:24,950 --> 00:19:22,679
place is actually building land we're

437
00:19:26,750 --> 00:19:24,960
talking about all the impact of climate

438
00:19:28,730 --> 00:19:26,760
change and people and so on but some

439
00:19:33,650 --> 00:19:28,740
areas are building in so there is hope

440
00:19:37,490 --> 00:19:33,660
so if we understand how nature can build

441
00:19:40,310 --> 00:19:37,500
resilience to climate change and we can

442
00:19:42,890 --> 00:19:40,320
maybe try to replicate that in other

443
00:19:45,409 --> 00:19:42,900
places around the world so with this

444
00:19:48,470 --> 00:19:45,419
Delta X Mission which is Airborne which

445
00:19:50,270 --> 00:19:48,480
I mentioned we're trying to do that but

446
00:19:51,830 --> 00:19:50,280
for the Mississippi River delta you know

447
00:19:55,370 --> 00:19:51,840
we cannot send airplanes everywhere in

448
00:19:58,190 --> 00:19:55,380
the world so SWAT will do that for us so

449
00:20:01,130 --> 00:19:58,200
we'll be able to do what we're trying to

450
00:20:03,950 --> 00:20:01,140
do in the Mississippi River delta using

451
00:20:05,690 --> 00:20:03,960
and swap to other places so we can go

452
00:20:08,210 --> 00:20:05,700
around the world trying to better

453
00:20:10,730 --> 00:20:08,220
understand the interaction and how we

454
00:20:12,950 --> 00:20:10,740
can build deltas from

455
00:20:15,470 --> 00:20:12,960
base from

456
00:20:17,990 --> 00:20:15,480
and then boots on the ground on land

457
00:20:22,549 --> 00:20:18,000
indeed

458
00:20:27,470 --> 00:20:25,010
and this isn't in

459
00:20:29,210 --> 00:20:27,480
what so are there any closing remarks

460
00:20:30,409 --> 00:20:29,220
that you might want to say in each of

461
00:20:34,430 --> 00:20:30,419
those languages

462
00:20:36,730 --> 00:20:34,440
so I I would say 4.2 languages my

463
00:20:40,250 --> 00:20:36,740
Portuguese is more like Portugal

464
00:20:42,049 --> 00:20:40,260
so uh okay so just maybe uh just

465
00:20:51,890 --> 00:20:42,059
summarize

466
00:20:51,900 --> 00:21:01,150
electricity

467
00:21:14,590 --> 00:21:02,750
uh

468
00:21:23,169 --> 00:21:17,029
a and now what's like where's that okay

469
00:21:59,840 --> 00:21:40,870
is

470
00:22:04,870 --> 00:22:01,909
[Music]

471
00:22:07,490 --> 00:22:04,880
so yeah that's it that's my Portuguese

472
00:22:09,230 --> 00:22:07,500
wonderful wonderful and I'll add a

473
00:22:15,430 --> 00:22:09,240
little bit of Croatian here to the mix

474
00:22:21,529 --> 00:22:19,010
we all need water on our planet Earth so

475
00:22:24,169 --> 00:22:21,539
thank you so much for joining us here

476
00:22:25,909 --> 00:22:24,179
today Mark we learned so much and it was

477
00:22:27,710 --> 00:22:25,919
a real pleasure talking with you all

478
00:22:30,470 --> 00:22:27,720
right thank you very much

479
00:22:32,570 --> 00:22:30,480
see you bye everyone

480
00:22:34,549 --> 00:22:32,580
and thank you so much to all of our

481
00:22:35,810 --> 00:22:34,559
viewers for joining us today now if you

482
00:22:38,750 --> 00:22:35,820
want to learn a little bit more about

483
00:22:40,850 --> 00:22:38,760
the SWAT Mission you can join us and

484
00:22:42,710 --> 00:22:40,860
follow us on our two social channels

485
00:22:47,330 --> 00:22:42,720
that were featured here today at NASA

486
00:22:49,310 --> 00:22:47,340
JPL and at Nasa climate change and two

487
00:22:51,470 --> 00:22:49,320
weeks from today get excited we're going

488
00:22:54,350 --> 00:22:51,480
to be talking to one of swat's Engineers

489
00:22:57,110 --> 00:22:54,360
Christine Jabara and we're going to go

490
00:23:00,169 --> 00:22:57,120
into more depth about what sets SWAT

491
00:23:02,710 --> 00:23:00,179
apart on the engineering aspect and

492
00:23:06,590 --> 00:23:02,720
always remember at Nasa earth science